5th Edition PMBOK Guide–Chapter 6: Process 6.4 Estimate Activity Resources


1.  Introduction

Once the activities have been identified in process 6.2 Define Activities, it is necessary to find out what resources will be needed to perform them.  That is where this process 6.4 Estimate Activity Resources comes in.

It is not only the amount of resources, but the schedule of when they are available that are both needed to find out how long a particular activity will take.

2.  Inputs, Tools & Techniques, and Outputs

Here is a brief recap from the 5th Edition PMBOK® Guide of the inputs, tools & techniques, and outputs necessary for this process.  A lot of the inputs comes from the process 6.2 Define Activities, but some come from processes from other knowledge area management processes, such as Cost, Procurement, Human Resources, and even Risk Management.

For the tools & techniques, the ubiquitous “Expert Judgment” is used when it comes to estimating resources.  For rough estimates based on previous projects or industry-wide information there are tools, but the most accurate technique is that of Bottom-Up Estimating.  It is the most accurate, but also takes the most amount of time to do.

 

6.4  ESTIMATE ACTIVITY RESOURCES
INPUTS
1. Schedule Management Plan Identifies the level of accuracy and the units of measure for the resources to be used.
2. Activity List Includes all scheduled activities on the project that will need resources.  This is an output of process 6.2 Define Activities
3. Activity Attributes Provides data to be used in estimating the resources required for each activity.  This is an output of process 6.2 Define Activities.
4. Resource Calendars Identifies the working days and shifts when resources are available.  Input from Human Resources and Procurements Management.
5. Risk Register Risk events may impact resource availability.  Input from Risk Management.
6. Activity Cost Estimates Cost of resources may impact resource selection.  Input from Cost Management.
6. EEFs Resource location, availability, skills.
7. OPAs
  • Project files (historical information on previous projects)
  • Policies, procedures and guidelines regarding staffing, equipment and supplies rental
TOOLS & TECHNIQUES
1. Expert Judgment Any person with expertise in resource planning and estimating can help assess resource inputs.
2. Alternative Analysis Many schedule activities have different alternatives methods of accomplishment in terms of resources.
3. Published Estimating Data Unit costs of resources and production rates for an industry may be obtained from professional organizations.
4. Bottom-Up Estimating Aggregates the cost or duration of the project by aggregating the cost or duration of the individual work packages.
5. Project Management Information System (PMIS) Used to help plan, organize, and manage resources.
OUTPUTS
1. Activity Resource Requirements Identifies the type and quantity of resources needed for each activity in a work package.
2. Resource Breakdown Structure Hierarchical representation of resources by category and type, typical categories being:  labor, material, equipment, supplies.
3. Project Documents Updates
  • Activity list
  • Activity attributes
  • Resource calendars

 

Once the outputs of the Activity Resource Requirements and Resource Breakdown Structure are complete, these then become inputs in the next process, that of 6.5 Estimate Activity Durations, which is the subject of the next post.

My One-Year Blogiversary


On April 9, 2012 I embarked on a quest to produce an article or “blog post” every day for an entire year.    I have done so for the past year, and now have 29,000+ viewers of my blog from over 120 countries to my credit.    What did I envision for the blog at the start?   What has changed in my vision since then?   And what do I foresee doing on my blog in the future?

1.  My blog at the start

I had an idea of my blog being a public journal.   I have kept a private journal for almost as long as I was in college, and it has served as my dream journal, planning journal, and in general my attempt to mine words for inspiration and then to record the inspiration when it comes.

But these are private thoughts; what did I want to transmit in a public space like a blog?   It was partially a utilitarian purpose because I was taking a class about project management and I wanted my blog to contain notes about the topics we were studying so that the study group I was organizing would have access to them when they couldn’t make our weekly study sessions.

However, I also had the idea that I would try blogging not just about foreign languages, but eventually IN foreign languages as well.   This has never satisfactorily worked out because I find that I could not have a separate blog page, one for each language I was studying, as I had envisioned.   If I put random pages in different languages interspersed among all the pages in English, I thought that might be confusing for my readers.   So I eventually dropped that idea–but am willing to entertain it again in the future if an opportunity presents itself.

I also wanted to discuss topics I was interested in, particular those having to do with global issues that I felt were important.   Toastmasters is an organization I have come to really be heavily involved in and it was often a subject of some blog posts.    A book review or movie review were things I would do once and awhile, as well as summaries of lectures I was listening to on various topics.    There are webinars that I listen to and summarize as well.

2.  My blog at present

I am doing a survey of the 5th Edition PMBOK Guide as part of a project to update the Project Management Institute of Orange County’s PMP/CAPM certification prep class workshops, and that occupies most of the current posts.   On the weekend, I take a break and blog about other topics.   Last week, however, I took the longest break I’ve ever done regarding project management topics because I was traveling across 2,000 miles from Los Angeles to Chicago, but will resume tomorrow now that my internet service has been established in my new place of residence.

But I foresee a continuation of the project management posts until I finish going through the 5th Edition of the PMBOK Guide.   This blog is my way of really getting to understand the material so that I can help the new students taking our classes to pass the new version of the PMP or CAPM exam.

3.  My blog in the future

However, when the 5th Edition is done, I would like to complete my survey of the quality control-related material in the Six Sigma curriculum that I started on in November and December of last year.   I want to study the global risk report when it comes out of the World Economic Forum held in Davos earlier this year.

I will certainly continue to write about Toastmasters, various global issues, and various other personal interests of mine.  But I really think I need to discipline myself to read more books and do more book reviews.   That would help not only me but those who are interested in the book to understand it more thoroughly.

I think doing this would also improve my writing ability as well as my ability to illustrate my words with images and pictures that add to the understanding and not detract from it.

But I do need to sit down and add tags and categories so that it is easier to find and cross-reference my blog posts.  I owe it to those who make it a point to read my blog and for those future readers who will be brought to it by those very same tags.

To paraphrase Robert Heinlein, “The Blog is a Harsh Mistress.”   Having the will to sit and compose an entire blog post every single day is a tremendous discipline that I have sought after and have succeeded in accomplishing.   But creating a discipline is just the first step in having the discipline to create.   That’s what I want to succeed in doing in the future…

Joseph Campbell’s Western Quest


As the backdrop to my recent travels by car from Los Angeles to Chicago, I listened to the lectures series by Joseph Campbell on Occidental Mythology entitled Western Quest. These lectures focus on the troubadours and writers in the crucial century from 1150-1250 who created the medieval romances that centered on tales of King Arthur’s Court.

The titles of the five lectures are as follows:

1. Origins of Occidental Mythology
This gives the historical background to the Arthurian romances.

2. The Mythology of Love
Joseph Campbell relates the central figure of Eleanor of Aquitaine and how the force of love or Amor was seen as force to counterbalance the oppression of the church or Roma (which is Amor spelled backwards).

3. The Arthurian Tradition
This lecture describes how the English literary tradition centered on Arthur, but the French tradition focused not on Arthur but on the various Knights of the Round Table like Lancelot, Gawain, and Parcival.

4. The Grail Legend
This introduces the secular version of the Grail legend where the Grail is like the Philosophers Stone, as opposed to the ecclesiastical line of the legend where it was the vessel used by Jesus during the Last Supper (which is the version of the Grail legend most are familiar with).

5. The Forest Adventurous
This discusses the main theme of the Grail legend, which is the renewal of the “wasteland” through an act of individual compassion which sometimes requires one to perform it in spite of social conventions.

In all of these lectures, Joseph Campbell emphasizes the unique position that these legends hold in world mythology in their positive depiction of the role of the individual vis-a-vis society. It was the perfect series of lectures to listen to as I set off on a new adventure of my own, and I recommend them to anybody who wants to know more about the spiritual roots of the values that would eventually flower in the Enlightenment.

A Journey of 2,000 Miles


There is a Chinese saying that “a journey of 1,000 miles begins with a single step.” I was reminded of that saying recently due to a move I have just completed from Los Angeles to Chicago in order to assist my father who is dealing with some health challenges.

However, the saying in my case should be the reverse, “a journey of a single step starts with 2,000 miles.” Any big move brings a combination of hope and trepidation, but this move comes with the added concern over my father’s health and the general state of the economy.

But with all the changes that a move across the country will bring, I will to keep some continuity in my life by joining a local Toastmasters club, continuing my blogging, maintaining my volunteer projects with the Project Management Institute, and networking.

There was one definite positive about the move, which was that it meant I would see more of my immediate family and my extended family. But knowing I will be a great help to my father gets rid of any qualms I may feel about moving.

After my father’s health condition improves, we’ll see whether fortune steers me back to California or whether I remain here. In the meanwhile, I’ll just settle in start the next chapter of my life here in Chicago.

The Forgotten Art of the Board Game


I am visiting my cousins in St. Louis and this evening they are going to hold their biweekly Game Night where they invite family and friends over to play board games.

They invited me to join them and I told them I would love to. The Game Night is a tradition that I remember in my childhood. I lived in Germany for a year after college and the board game or Brettspiel tradition was strong there, with adults commonly giving them as presents to other adults and not just to children.

I kept the tradition of the board game alive in my immediate family, and was a great fan of board games made in Europe (particularly Germany). At holiday time when I visited my cousins, I would always bring some new and interesting game I had discovered.

However, I found as I lived abroad in Japan after graduate school, and then in New York and Los Angeles, that fewer and fewer people were interested in playing board games as video games had practically completely displaced them. My collection of board games ended up languishing in my mini-storage unit.

So it was delightful not only to see my cousins, but to realize that they have kept this tradition alive. What do I find so fascinating about board games?

1. They are fun! Our family likes games that involve word play like Balderdash.

2. They are interactive, and like card games are great at breaking the ice and allowing even the normally introverted to come out of their shell.

3. They are inclusive because they
allow everybody to interact and join in, even those who are only spectating and not even playing the game.

4. The European games in particular are beautiful because the board and components are simple but elegant in design.

5. Board games are leisurely in that they can take an hour or more and so provide a chance for “quality time” with friends or family.

For these reasons, I am happy to revisit the quaint tradition of Game Night with my cousins. It is a reminder of happy times from childhood, and a chance to stop the world, stop time, and enjoy the present having fun together with my extended family.

If you’re interested in starting a Game Night tradition of your own, go to the Funagain Games website and choose from one of their recommendations. You’ll receive a box filled with potential good times in return!

Why Nations Fail–A Meditation on #Tahrir Square


Now that I’ve got a little breathing room during my travels, as I approach my last stop before my final destination of Chicago, I have had a chance to crack open a book I have wanted to read for some time.

Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty, by Daron Acemoglu and James A. Robinson, is about economic inequality and its origins. The preface references the events of Tahrir Square in Egypt on February 11, 2011 as Hosni Mubarak was thrown out of power.

Why was Egypt mired in poverty, which was the ostensible cause of their discontent? The Egyptians themselves recognized that the underlying cause of their economic problems was a lack of political rights denied them by an ineffective and corrupt state whose power was monopolized by a narrow elite.

The three conventional explanations for Egypt’s poverty are as follows.

1. Geography
This is Jared Diamond’s position in Guns, Germs, and Steel, a form of geographical determinism.

2. Culture
This is the view that Egyptians lack cultural traits or are hampered by religious views that are inconsistent with the work ethic required for economic success. Although the authors do not say outright that this type of explanation is Orientalist in outlook, I have no such compunction against saying so.

3. Policy
Most economic and policy pundits think that the rulers of Egypt were just following bad advice. The unexpressed assumption in this view is that prosperity would follow if only the leaders would listen to them.

The authors’ view is that the three theories taken as conventional wisdom are all wrong, and that the Egyptian people got it right. Not only were they right about Egypt’s rulers, but their insights can be extended throughout the world and throughout history.

It is vital to understand the lesson the Egyptian people have learned, at great personal cost, if we are to face a world in the 21st century that is ruled for the benefit of the ordinary people, and not just for the elite.

This may sound radical to some, but I of a different opinion. Such an economically and politically equal world would be more stable and more capable of handling exogenous shocks like those poses by global warming than a world already internally weakened through inequality. This it is in my opinion the more conservative option. The more radical option would be to let inequality in this country and around the world fester, because that path poses a higher risk of revolution.

So let us heed the voice of the Egyptian people–they given us a warning, for all those that have ears to hear.

California-Chicago Travel Playlist


On my current car trip from LA to Chicago, one of the things I wanted to make sure to maintain was my sanity.

I thought it would be interesting to list all of those recordings I brought with me in order to pass the time of driving for days on end.

1. The Hobbit soundtrack
I brought this because it was the last movie I saw in LA, and the subtitle “An Unexpected Journey” seemed very apropos given my decision to move to Chicago to help my father recuperate after his recent hospitalization.

2. Lord of the Rings soundtrack
After The Hobbit, I thought I might as well go full Tolkien and listen to the soundtrack from all 3 movies. The mountainous terrain of Colorado was the perfect backdrop to listen to music from Middle Earth.

3. Cloud Atlas soundtrack
This is the next to last movie I saw in LA. It has resonance for me because it deals with life-altering decisions that the characters in various times take, and how the effects of those decisions ripple through time. Having just made a life-altering decision myself, I could definitely relate.

4. FSI Standard Chinese–Module 3: Directions
I take these language recordings because I constantly practice the languages I’m studying so my skills don’t fade.

5. Joseph Campbell lecture series: Western Quest
In this 5-hour lecture series, Joseph Campbell relates the fundamental mythologies of the West in the form of the Arthurian legends. Fascinating as mythology, history, and Joe is an excellent storyteller to boot.

6. Eckherdt Tolle–A New Earth
In this audio book the author shows how spiritual evolution starts with the diminishment of ego. Oh, is that all, you may ask. It’s harder than it sounds, but the author gives advice on how to go about it.

7. Classical Music
I don’t have the exact title of the compilation series of CDs of these classics of classical music, but it is standard fare in my “sanity maintenance” collection.

These recordings I hope give you an idea of my interests. I can’t recommend them to you–you have to make your own list. But whatever you choose, make sure some of it engages your mind as well as your spirit!

Project Management and the Art of Moving


One of the common examples of projects given to those who are learning about project management is that of organizing a move.

Well, I am in the midst of moving from one city to another, and I can tell you that using project management tools has made the move one of the smoothest in my memory of various moves I have done in my life.

What has it done to help me in practical terms? By planning the move one month out, I could space out the various tasks to be completed to allow myself enough time to take care of winding down the volunteer projects I was involved with for the Project Management Institute of Orange County. I even scheduled in some relaxation time so I could de-stress from all the preparations.

I added an extra day of slack in the travel schedule for risk management, and it came in handy–the mini-storage space I rented was closed for Easter, which put me a day behind schedule leaving town. But since I added a day of slack in my travel plans, I’ll get there on time because of my project management habit of thinking out contingency plans.

Some people think that all that planning might make you lose your spontaneity, but I think that’s not the case. Because I’ve planned ahead and prepared for various contingencies, I actually am more relaxed and living in the moment, because part of my mind that used to be wondering in the background “now did I think of this or that” is silent–because I now have a plan.

So project management can not only help you in the practical aspects of your daily life, but it can also help you enjoy it more!

California vs. New York Culture


As I leave California to live in Chicago, I find myself both literally and figuratively looking at California in the rear view mirror.

How does the culture of California differ from the last place I Iived, in New York? For someone who was immersed in world culture in New York, coming to the seemingly more homogeneous California was a bit of a letdown at first.

However, as I got to take different language classes, that and just the contact of daily living in Los Angeles introduced me into several expat and immigrant communities.

A decade later, I can say that New York is still somewhat more international than Los Angeles, but not by very much. I experienced New York as one big island of international culture, and Los Angeles as several small islands of international culture surrounded by the mainstream US culture in which they were embedded.

With the exception of Spanish which was ubiquitous, you could find any language community you wanted–but unlike in New York City, you had to actively look for it.

PMI-OC PMP/CAPM Workshop–Winter Session concluded, Spring Session to start


The Project Management Institute of Orange County in California puts on a PMP/CAPM workshop three times a year.

I took the workshop last year in the Spring Session 2012, and decided after I passed the CAPM exam in October to volunteer to help put on the workshop for the Winter Session 2013.

It was rewarding work because besides putting on the workshop, the members of the PMP/CAPM Workshop Committee is also charged with improving it by improving the quality of the instruction, the study materials, and the level of support we give to the students as they prepare for the exam.

Even now as the Winter Session has concluded, we are gearing up for the Spring Session which starts at the end of this month.   But that challenge of putting on a workshop so soon after concluding the last one pales in comparison to our larger challenge of making sure that the Fall Session of the workshop is geared up for the 5th Edition of the PMBOK Guide.

That is why I am putting so much effort into going through the Guide because I need to be able to help get the instructors up to speed, to update the study materials, and to be prepared to help the students study for a totally new exam which starts July 31st of this year.

But it is worth it, because the challenge of getting a PMP seems to grow with each passing year as PMI increases the requirements.   For that reason, more and more people are realizing as I did that they are not eligible for the PMP and must take the CAPM instead.    That is one of the reasons why we offered a combined PMP/CAPM workshop for the Winter Session 2013.   Because of the increasing challenge, I want those who are trying to aim for that certification to know that they are not going it alone:   PMI-OC is there to help them achieve it!